System of locks



pril 27, 1948.v F. E.' BEST 2,440,434

' SYSTEM 0F LOCKS,

original Filed Jan.` 8, 1942 6 'eets-'s'hei 1 Fna 5. l

5MM INVENToR.

April 27, 1948. F. E. BEST 2,440,434

SYSTEM 0F LOCKS Original Filed Jan. 8, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fla lO. l

April 27, 1948.

F. E. BEST SYSTEM OF LOCKS lla l, 74 H3 la 74 75 52 *53 94 l" 49 92 se 96 sa 56 A59 99 |95 11| r "'/l I 5' leo |03 lao wml u JIM" )di :947

.l 554nl Y A 5o I FIG. |2 I O5 FIG. I3 'g 15070' 4vuso 70| wml" .|7" INVENTQR.

April 27, 1948. F. E. BEST 2,440,434

sYsTEMoF Locxs Original Filed Jam;` 8, 1942 6 Sheets-Shea?, 4

5% INVENTORL April 27, 1948.

F. E. BEST SYSTEM OF LOCKS origina Filed Jan. s, 1942 24a 24e 27 2'8 A FO 25o w26 4o 2/ A) alti 24H2 32 Bt 254 6o f/ Ami,

6 Sheets-Sheet 5 m 245 V INVENTOR.

27, F. E.. BESI' I 4 SYSTEM OF LOCKS 4 original Filed Janjs, 1942 e sheets-sheet. e

INVENToR,

Patented Apr. 27, 1948 n minimis. -1 Naturean objects Thisaiis a divisional application ofimyspedf irrg, applicationA on Unpickablet lock; iled regaini-V aryfS; .1942,- Serial No. 425,9525 mais(fabandone(i.:Q ,y This r invention relates to 'Inasterkeyalclje and receptionffeatures and all b eingadapted' tooperajn;

tively respond to common core functioning there@ in, aaplurality 'of structurally:dissimilargtypesof core 1 all `interchangeable in,l and dall.;adapted' 1-,o similarlyvi function fin, l saidf: housinggsgwzandfto :respondzto the samecontrolandmasterkeys;

Another object isftorprovide :suoli ag-systenrof locks-in` whichit isiimpossibleiorf ain-unauthorized person to'determine the 'combination of-ftheqma'ss tenkey1 or control key; of tilesystem :byfgdismanftling a number of locks of the system andgexaminging` the combinatomsettings or coniigzuratiorrs1 of the: tumblers'thereof; Still 4another object.; isv to provide such asysitemlinwhich structurallyidissimilarf ergopatentally; distinguishable tyilies:I ofw lock= cores-require :structurally dissimilar types of keys; and-jini'wiiich ,one typefofik'ey,` will'function onlyv inionextype of :cores `Wlile another itypel of keys willzfunction inlazpluraslity. of'typ'es :of coresy all :Within thevsame :masterkeyed systemiof locks;

This'vinvention f pioneers'.- af basicaliyfnew artrin locks deiined as: In'locks, in lock-` controlledszassembli, :Structur- :ally` different coresl `adapted` to interchangeably i core adapted ftobe :usedrinterchangeablmwit fthe i iirstfhousings zhavingf-co i 'on:core'rec ep tion fea-- aturesrj Figure isigaqfragmentary,sctionai'tdeyeionmerit takennnnbrokemlineaZi-fii of;` Eiguresz?,

8 9J 10| and 18 :M l i it c `-Figure-22,lisfagfragmentarysectional;develop ing a plurality oftheoperating parts of this lock core mechanism." Y

Figure 25 is 'an exploded isometric view showing a, key and a separable key bit in relatively separated relation.

- assembled on the members 65 and 66 after these Aparts have been telescoped together, as herein- Figure 26 is a fragmentary longitudinal section `of a dissimilar type of lock taken on broken X lines 26-26 of Figs. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 33.V

Figure 27 is a view in cross section takenv on broken line 21-21 of Fig. 26. v

Figure 28 is a view in cross section taken on broken line 28-26 of Fig. 26.

Figure 29 is a view in cross section taken on broken lines v2929 of Figs. 26, 32 and 33.

"Figure 30 is a view inY crossA section taken on broken lines `30,--3v'0of Figs. 26 and 32.

'l Figure 31-is a viewin cross section taken on broken lines 3|3| of Figs. 26 and 32.

"Figure 321s a fragmentary sectional developmerit' taken on brokenlines 32-32 'of Figs. 26, 30 and 31. y i

Figure 33 is a sectional'developinent taken on broken line 33-33 of Fig. 26. g

Figure 34 is an exploded isometric view of parts ofthe lock core mechanism shown in Figs. 261:033. f lFigure 35"is an isometric view of a'pkey used in the lock core shown in Figs. 26 to -34 inclusive. lLike reference numerals-,designate like v'parts throughout the several views.

Structural description Figs. to 2,5

Figs. 1 to 25inclusive disclose a lock comprising a lock housing, a lock core and a key adapted for cooperation with said'lock, saidv key having a combinated portion, herein termed .the .key bit, thatis detachable from the. body portion of the key, herein tei'medthe .keyf blade.` Ihe primary lock mechanism shownto the right of the endl plate |40,V in Fig. 1', constitutes. the lock core, the skeleton'of'which is shownexploded in Fig 24.

Figs. 1 to. 17 inclusive show. the cylindrical lock core 'housing 4 0 that is open at the outer end and preferablyhas :an integral or rigidly connected end wall,4|, Figs. V1 and 17.v 1 i ..1

Preferably the housing 40 is internally provided adjacent the louterend with an annular shoulder 42, Figs. 1 and 17, for supportingadisc portion 1,68,l of the face member `63 of a lock core, as hereinafter described. i 1

VAFive annular rows` of inwardly projecting rigid lugs are provided in the housing 40 with the outermost or first annular row of lugs positioned .near theopen end of said-housing and each succeeding annular/row of lugs spaced from the proceeding annular row longitudinally of the h ousing.`y These annular rows of lugs are best shown' in the sectional development, Fig. 17.

The first rowof lugs, shown atthe right in Fig. 17, are numbered 43,114,415, 46 and 41 respectively; the secondrow lcf'lugs are'numbered 4849 and 50 respectively; the'l third rowof lugs 'are numbered 5|, 52, 53, 54 55 and 56 respectively;v the fourth row of lugs are'` numbered 51, 58 and 59 respectively; and the fthrow' of lugs arenumbered 60, 6| and 62 respectively. lThe Vwir-lie ske1eton of' the coremechanisin, see Fig.'

4 2,4, comprises a face memberY 63, a longitudinally bolt member 64, an inner body member 65, an outer body member 66 and a`throw member 61. The numerals 63, 64, 65, 66 and 61 designate these members generally in Fig. 24. Said members are shown in exploded relation in Fig. 24 and in telescoped or assembled relation in Fig.

1.- Each' ofsaidvmembers is made up of a num-- bei' of related parts or portions and the tumbler, which are preferably of the ring-plate type, are

` after explained.

Yeo

section in Fig. 10.

The face member 63 is preferably of one piece construction to provide great strength and offer great resistance tothe application of force usec'l for the purpose of destroying the lock or gaining access through it.

This face member 63 comprises a disc portion 68 of large enoughdiameter to seat against the shoulder 42. ,The disc portion 68 is omittedv in Fig. 17 to avoidconfusion. An annular row oil individually spaced 'apart outwardly protruding lugs 69,10, 1|, 12 and 13, see Figs. 1, 14, 17 and '24, are rigid with the-face member 63 and spaced inwardly from the disc portion 68 a distancel atleast slightly more thanv the width of the housing lugs 43 to 41 Vso that they may be engaged back of the housing lugs 43 to 41 when the d isc portion68 rests against the shoulder 42 and is against or closely adjacent to the lugs 43 to 41 inclusive. v

The face member 63 is provided, on the inner side, with a tubular sleeve 14 that is adapted to fit over a shank 15 on the end of the inner body member 65, see-Figs. 1, 12, 13, 14, V15and 24. Preferably the outer end of the shank 15 has a counterbore 16 therein, Fig.'24, that fits over a cylindrical bearing portion 11, Fig. 15, which is formed within the' sleeve 14, see also dotted lines, Fig. 1. Y Y

lThis counterbore 16 andvbearingvportionH help to provide a better lbearing land particularly cooperate to prevent the two'side portions of the shank 15, which are separated by a keyway 18, from beingv pinched together. Dowel pins l19 in holes 2|`8 secure the relatively telescopic sleeve 14 and shank 15 together, see Figs. 1, 12, 13 and 24, the holes for these dowel pinsv being shown in Fig. 24.

The keyway 18 extends through the face member 63 and inner body member 65 andis similarly numbered in these two parts.V The cross sectional shape of this keyway may bevaried to conform to the cross'sectional shape of the keys to be used.

f A portion 60, of the'keyway is formed in the outer bodymemb'er 66. This portion 80 is separately numbered and Vhas inwardlyprojecting ribs 8| at the location where it intersects the lower curved surfaceof the outeri body member 66, see Figs. 8, 9 and 24.

A stepped portion is provided on an end flange 860i the inner body member 65 and around the base of the shank 15, see Figs.` 24 'and 11. The inner end of the sleeve 14 abuts against this stepped portion 85' and platev 2|6 of outer body Hmember66 whenthe members 66, 65, 64 and 63 are in assembled relation. The stepped portion 85 is shown in section inFig. 11 and the end iiange'86 is 'shown' in elevation in'Fig.I 11` andinV "IVhe inner body member 65 has'a tumbler-carrying' portion 81I that'is rigid with the end 'flange 86 and extends inwardly therefrom. The portion aardige/'rl i End -ange 86 has a rear arcuate-projection 3015 thati is-f rectangular oross-seotiion`A adapted-A to form-'tre'ctangular arcuateig'roovey 96 1in circularend portion 921i of outer b'od57 member B; Figs: 9- andi 2&1

Two-pronged shank 8f9`-of`member 651,1Fig. 2e) which i isldividedf into prongs by keyway-"It, protrudsf'rom the-inner endfportion of the tumblercarry-ingv portion 317AA and-*is e adapted"y to telescope into' two`- mating holes'- extending lengthwise' throughthe tubular portion 82:` of Athrowmerrdaer E'I. f

The metal forminglthe juncture of; vthese Iholes with the at `surface at their innermost end* isV ronnded'oiE slightlyr so thatA each` prong oi`- shank" assembled parts in rigid integralityiasby'riveting.

Ar-ib 90, see Figs: `1 and 5, is provided inf the bottomoffithe tubular portionIiZ'to enterbetween theftwo parte or shank 89 for` arshort distance and* supportA the two parts` of f shanl-A |59?y and the adjacent part'sof thetumblerecarrying" portion 811 against collapse orA sidewise crushing pressures which might tend to relatively displacef these parts. An integralpin 9|- is" provided on the rib Iifor purposeshereinafter explained;` y

-Th`e outer-'body` member 66; Figi 24'; has a cir-l cular end' portion 92 that' has a large opening 931 therethrough toreceivejthe inner bodx`r member S-Slltlugf 91| projects outwardly from' the endh` portion 9*2 and is notchedfon its under` sidelto-form avshoulder 95'. Agroove-9G-f is-provid'ed' in the'end portion SZU-and-extends-*under the lug 94- The" function ofV parte 94, 95 and-96"are; hereinafter explained in connection with the operation of k`ey-means. Y. p

The movable bolt-member 64', comprises a-fcrescent shaped endplate 9-1 thatr isjproVided with three 'lugs-98;- Wand-` I 00 on its peripheral portion.

Theflugs 98; 99; |00; see Figs; 13, 17`A and 24; are adapted lto cooperate with theset of fixed housing 1ugs48 49-and150-` and the 'seti of xedhousing' lugs 5I, 52, 535,154; 55V'and Edin-controlling rotary movement of the lock parts,` as* hereinafter eX- plained. l

The endl platev4 91" has a number 'of relatively large andV strong pins I0-I^-protruding outwardly-l therefrom that are adapted to fitjwithinholes |02 in the face' member B3; seev Figs. 1314,15 and 24', When the bolt' member 64 is in aposition adjacent the `face member 0:3 as 'shown in Fig; 1.

Ii have shown three of-A said pins" IIiI` and have I00f'are in' engagement with the housing lugs 18;`

es; and so;

The endlpllate 91 'of they parti# carries an( inwardly.' protruding rigid'bar 'extension I03`andA an inwardly protrudingrigid'tubev |04." [The bar extensionvl 0 3 ,and`l tube I 04'. telescopejinto a` notchA |105.1 and a bore' I 0,6; respectively; inithejinn'er' body.

' presses against-thel closed innerendf portion of the-tube- |104.` Thespring-SIM sfthusicaused'vto' exertfa yieldinginwardl4 pressure on theinovable bolt?member S-with A-thelout'er end-fportiorr offthe spring` abutting L'againsttlie face member" 63.

'Illiefvbarf extension |031; Figs. -'7, `8,1. 9, 10i 1311, 12?,

18; 20g 2li andi24; cutaway'ionllthe right hand side, as' respects-.1 the` showing'in* Figs;`Y '1"v to 12' andl24; and carries an-'en'd piece ZIlZlriveted-tliereto' at `2 I 3% Fig; 18,1to1fprovidef for!y the `reception of" ado'ekicontrolE` bari' |09.` Partsll'll ofthe bani ex- A tension |03 and endlfpie'c'e 2ML overhang the end portionsloftheylock" control bar-` I09; see-litige;- 18 and 24; forholdingi'saidlocw controlkbalrf sosthatAV itwmay` be vmoved transversely; as respects ther-bar extensioni 03; Pari-.212 isriveted'ftobar extension.. I uafafterlmembersfu ande' arei assembleui v incl-ined ribsf` III are adapted: tocooperatewithtinoline'dribs@ H23 whichiareiformedon the Walloff the notchz |05: in. the-innersbodyf membenle; see

Figsl 8g 1="8`; and-20; soithat iwhen@the bar:entensionu I 053% is move'dl longitudinally? the'lockieontrol@ bar: I0'92wi11 noti onlyf'belmovedfingitudinaiiyi therewithibutwilli alsoibei moveditransverseltf oiltnebar extension"x I 0324 Alsof: it'` is to. Y be:y notect than transverse move ment, ofl the'. lock-@ controls bar: |09 controlsl the: 1ongitudinxalv movement of the'abar extension:` |03 andiboltimemben 62h Due toi the cooperation of" theainolined ribs: I fI :IfA and f LI 2theLtransverse'.moveve i mentof the lockl controlv ba-r |09 willalwaysbefa. parallel movement and said lock controlbanf'll will; notbe tilted orzincline'd becauseit'i'siirmly held. bytand between: theiinclined ribs M2- which arefrigid-with` the. pgortiox; oflthezinnerf'body member 615x Therfun'ct-ionzor: the dooie control. bar |09 which makes this-para1e1 movementloflsaid locki control? bar.A I 0'9v necessary is. hereinafter; desoribed'zin connection: with: the? mechanism-1 with' whiohit cooperates;

The end portion 922 off' theu outera body member s 66 has three lugs II3, II4 and IIE on its periphl eralportionf asfshoWn'in-iFi'gs: 1f; 9; 10;` 1-1, 172 and 242 The lugsv II3f,.I1I'4-'and Fig; 1"ii,farefposi#A tioned.inanlannularpatiibetweerrthe-set'of housinglugs 51|:I to 56' inclusive and the-.set of housing lugs 51 to:ESI-inclusive The lugs'lfl,- II'4iand`II5 cooperate" with housing luge 5I toi 'incliisive4 and fr housing lugsV 512; 5"8 andi 59 to"2 prevent endewise'` displacement ofthe? outerl'lciody. memberl 66T in 2 th'e-f` housing i540'.` i

The outer body member (S-nasa portion IIE;

60? extending inwardly from= tl'etend portion 92E and ofi-a cross -sectional V'shape fask'showniinFig.' 8;: Thisf bodyel portion has i an# outwardlyextending flange III, shown at the left in Figs. 8 and 245 that' isl provided-with two radial sloulders'--I1If-and II9.

portion 811 off the inner body' member V"65`' while shoulder I I9^engages with"surfacesL I ff'oftnmblery rings |46.

Totheright ofthe-shoulder `I I9"`i-`or a-substan tial" distance; asi@ respects4 the sli'owihg'in'Figs; 8' antl'Zif;4 the portion" I-I 6? is cut awa'yfor` adistance and t'lfienV made wedgeshaped' toprovide a keyV bit op'erating5space-308, see Fig. S, andgtdtheW right of this# key; bitj operating' space thebodyu portion- I I6"- is# of unimi-rrrs thickness@ andiially 7 this thicker body portion terminates in' a radial stopshoulder |2ilA positioned, preferably, diametrically opposite tothe radial shoulder H8.

The portion H6 terminates at its inner end in a lplate like portion |2| of substantially semicircularshape, see Figs; 1, 7 and 24.Y This plate like portion |2| has a notch 209 to facilitate assembly of tumblers-| 4'6, which notch may be filled, after Vthetumblers are in .placebya form-fitting block 2| 0; which, in common with plate like portion ,|2|, has a. groove |22 inthe `peripheral portion for the reception of a resilient lock ring |23 preferably of ring type, Figs.l 1 and '1. The body portion 81` ofthe inner body member 65 has a recess |24 to `receive theu inturned inner end portion |25 of thelock ring |23.

The portion H6 of the outer body member 66 has a, longitudinally movablelocking slide |30 provided therein; see Figs.` '.7, 8, 9, 22V and 23. The inner end portion |3| of the'locking slide |30, shown at the left in Figs. 2|2 and 23, is of Wedgeshape and is adapted to lock into awedge-shaped recess |32 in end plate |46, see Figs. 22 and 6. An overhanging plate portion |33 is provided on the locking slide |30at one side of the inner end portion |,3|. Theplate portion |33 overhangs the portion |3| and pro-jects beyond the end of the same, as shown in Figs. 22 and 23. One edge |34 of the plate portion |33 is inclined and is positioned in engagementv with acam surface |35, see Figs. 6 and 22, when the locking slide |30 occupies the position shown in Figs, 22 and 23. When the lock is in operation the locking slide |30, will at certain times, be moved to the right from the position shown in Figs. 22 and 23 so that the tip of the inner end portion |3| will follow a at surface |36 and the tip of the plate portion |33 will follow a parallel flat'surface |31, shown dotted in Fig. 22.

The outer end of the locking slide |30 has a frustro-conical'end portion |38, that is adapted to lock into a correspondingly shaped recess |39 inthe end ilange 86 undercertain operating conditions hereinafter described.

The end plate |40, see Figs. 1 and 5, has three spaced lugs |4| on its periphery. The lugs |4| t between the housing lugs 60, 6| and 62 and prevent rotation of the end plate |40 in the hous- In addition to the cam surface |35 the end plate |40 has two other inclined cam surfaces |42, |43 on kthe side thereof adjacent the lock mechanism, see Figs. 1, 6, '7, 18 and 22. ,The flat surface |36 cooperates with the end portion of end piece 2|2: carried bythe bar extension |03 to hold said bar extension |03 and the parts connected therewithY in the position in which they are shown in Fig. 18, when the lock parts are in their Vinitial Orstarting position. The end of end piece 2|2 carried by thebar extension |03 hasl a beveled surface |45 thereon for engagement with the inclined cam surfacesr |42 and |43 as hereinafter described.

The camv surface |35 in cooperation with wedgeshaped recess |32 and flat surface |31 controls endwise movement of the locking slide |30 to lock the outer'body member 66 either to the end plate |40 or to the inner body member 65.

The cam surfacel, in cooperation with the lock control bar |06, governs longitudinal movement of the movable bolt member 64, Fig. 24, and thus cooperates in governing movement of the lugs 98, 99 and |88 into and out of the path of the housing lugs 48, 49 and 50,Fig, 17; 7

y The *cam surface |43 in cooperation withtheV lock control bar |09 governs movement of the bolt member 64 in moving the lugs 98,199 and |00 into and out of the alignment with the stop lugs 5| to 56 inclusive.

An inclined surface |44 is provided adjacent the cam surface |43 and the clearance space 38 of the end plate |40 is recessed to provide clearance for bar extension |03 and lock control bar |09 as hereinafter described.

The end plate |40 has a stop member |26 provided therein that is adapted to be engaged by a lug |21 which is rigid with and protrudes endwise from the inner body member 65 to limit the rotary movement of said inner body member 65 to substantially one hundred eighty degrees.

In assembling the elements of this lock core..

most of which are shown in Fig. 24, it is advised to proceed as follows: with end piece 2 l2 removed and lock control bar |09 in place, telescope member 64 into memberand rivet 2|2 in place. Then with plate 2|6 and pins 2|1 removed and locking slide |30 in place, telescope members 64' and 65 into member 66 and rivet member 61 to the end of the member 65,. Then slideV plate 2|6 sidewise into place and secure with pins 2|1. Lastly telescope sleeve 14 of member 63 over shank 15 of member 65 and pin with pins 1-9 in pin holes 2|8.

When these parts aretelescoped together they form a support of generally Vcylindrical shape for the reception of a plurality of tumblers or tumblers |46 and a plurality of tumbler spacers |41, both of substantially ring shape. In Fig. 1 I have shown nine tumblers |46 and ten of the spacers |41. Obviously a greater or lesserY number of tumblers and spacers may be used. The tumblers |46 are herein also termed tumbler rings but it is obvious that their shape may be widely varied. l v

The uncombinated tumblers |46 as initially formed are all of duplicate construction. A cross section through one of these tumblers after being combinated with deep notches |52 and shallow notches |53 is shown in Fig. 8. Combinated tumblers must have at leastone notch of one variety and may have any number of either or both varieties between the extreme positions shown'by notches |52 and |53, Fig. 8. Each tumbler |46 has an inwardly protruding portion |48 that has a plurality of stepped shoulders |49 on one side thereof arranged and shaped so that they look like inverted stair steps when viewed from the position shown in Fig. 8.

Preferably the number of Vvshoulders |49 correspond to one less than the number of increments used in combinating the tumblers of the lock core. In the present illustration, in Figs. l to 25 inclusive, I have shown nine of the shoulders 49. Hence ten increments are used in lcombinating this lock core, and the available combinations of the lock core follow the formula of 10n where n represents the number of tumblers of the lock core. 'I'hus in a nine tumbler lock core of ten increments per tum-bler as shown there are one billion combinations available.

The member |48 of each tumbler has Vanv edge |50, positioned opposite to the shoulders |49. This ed'ge |50 is preferably straight and yradial and is adapted to be engaged by the shoulder I9 of the part "l 1| 1 of thev outer body member. i jE'a'ch-tumbler |46`is furtherprovidedQat a location approximately diametrically opposite from thejsteppedmember |48, with an inwardly extending' .thickened portion |5|. of substantial losbarsten 1.11 ities-Fach acreedor? i 9 tient It! ispreifidswitii one relatively deep .notelie "I, Steed .the thiekeriei1-`iiertifiiii5z-l O f at 116.215,? 011? ltilliibllf 0f. @lash likfcre is profvided with a relatively shallow notch [53. Pref;- erglqlyseveral turnlolers li'oiieacn lool; core are I more notches 152-2111., 153

i' ,eeiibiniiie'i eeiiieeis Qfftfie tumblers and their' positions in each insieneeeie eeiermined ey, ine biiiiiig ef the' key and th y are .adapted to, receive the hereinbefore portion of one adjaoent tumbler* and frtinaily igeg's 'Seid' tumbler member', ariel helpste' iiiilfd spacermempeandtumbler in a. 'correct poisitiqn relative to eetchr other. 'Also each. spaeer tegral with thespcersll and havetheir edges I bent over so Ythatsaid.y lugsfare of, Lijshfa'pe "in cross, seotiornA as Vshovvin 111'.v Fig.y v8, This' gives the lgssrate Streng .end mie bearing si'irfeiiielin tnejgr'oove l 56. The ll'ugs |55 con r'eot the Speisers L47-With`the innerlbody menib 65` in4 such a manner thee elief, 4the' speers 1,41 tively more@ eiiqng'f vii/Lien", the inner o c'iv inem,- beres. i.

The tumblers: It@ and spacers HH are assem- The immers; |54@ @nil Spacer;- l eis! 'L41- ie eieie ine; iiiiiifi 01,15 the end. per

elle. eff

rifiiieiiiiiiiiieiiifii `The bittesv edge. ofJ theikexi initie`v a. series 0f stampede*pQntionseZM-wliighmsy squeiregcorrierseinii whisk; areeaeh d height" and; are flongitudneillsi Qiset from @eeh Qther the proper, distances mi eaiisethesteppsd portions oi vthe` key.l always, tu:` align; themselves .with` `.the respective.' .tumblers Iitiewhen the;` key is. in. the.. correct lock"operatingy position inisthe ".Thexlugs llsonthe endiofethe key bit aretwo ink number and are transversely. Spacedi anart.' to provide a. spe 2115; ltherbtwee' for the entrance Tof.3 a 'locking Ylug-- 1213i of.` a. locking xmenib'er L94; see 111, 'thait isembeddedgin 'the fkeyl'blade |80. The lockingfnemben lsdwh's rtwininclined A compression spring |91` in a, bore 'Iainithe v1mi/bissle presses 'gagiifst 'one sie of asshort pin engaged by a longer pin 200 that extends to the forward end ofthe key blade |80 and is adapted to be engaged and actuated by the pin 9| of the part 90 of the lock throw member when the key blade 80 is inserted to its maximum Adepth into the lock.

A shallow groove 2031s provided in the bottom leased as respects the key blade and the key blade |80 and key bit |88 can be moved sidewise relative to each other. When the separable key bit |88 is locked to the key blade |80, the lugs |9| and |92 are held .beneath the overhanging portions |89 and |90 ofthe blade, the lugv |93 is posi- Y tioned between theV lugs |9| and the locking member |94 is positioned in the groove 203. This binds the bit member iirmly and immovablyto the key blade and said bit member will not be time except when the key lis inserted in the lock and turned. Also said key bit will be reengaged with the blade as the key is being removed from the lock.

The combinata-perdon 20s of the' key` bit.

member is narrower than the base portion thereof, as best shown in Fig. y8, to provide on the key bit member, a shoulder 201 that is adapted to be engaged by anoverhanging ledge |18 of normally detached from the key blade at any-,

the body portion i6 ofthe cuterfbody member 66. The ledge |18 cooperates with the ribs 8| t0 trap and hold thekey bit |88 securely within the outer'vbodymember during the operation of thelock.` -sl Operation The lock core mechanism shown' in Figs. 1 to 25 maybe operated, so as to operate a secondary VmechanismV through throw member |59 by all keys that have properly combinated detachable bits and which will enter the lock core and align av set of notches, composed `of either or Vboth notches |52 and |53. entirely across the seriesof tumblersv |46'jtherein. d These keys may include ordinary operating keys which will operate only one lock of a group of series of locks, or various master and sub-master keys which will operate `-various groups within the series, and control keys which perform the double function ofl operating the locks they are made to iitand of removing the primary lock mechanisms or cores of said locks from the. lockhousings. Thus any of said keys may be madeV to serve Aas a control key.

The usual operation of this lock by an operating key will nowI be described:l

A key of proper combination is inserted in the. lock core in the usual manner until the stop shoulder |82 rests against the shoulder |83. For this position of the key the key bit |88 will be properly aligned with the tumblers |46 and said (iiiV key bit lss will 10e-securely heid within the portion 6 of the outer body member 66, as shown in Fig. 8, the ledge |18 ofthe portion ||6 being engaged over, the shoulders 201 of the key bit and the ribs ljengagingwith the lower edge portion of said key bit. VAlso for this position of the key the pin 9| in the lock, Fig. 1, will be engaged with said key bit.

showing in Figs. 22 and 23.

with the pin 200 in theV key blade' |80 andthe locking member |94 in said key blade will'be moved into releasing position as respects the key bit |88. Y i' Y To operate the lock, after insertion of the key as described in the preceeding paragraph, lsaid key is turned in a clockwise direction. As the key begins to move clockwise the key bit'and outer body member 66 will remain stationary but the inner body member and spacers |41, which are connected with the inner body member 65 through the lugs |55, will be angularly moved with the key.` Movement of the spacers |41 will move the several tumblers |46, which are frictionally connected with the spacers |41, until the shoulders |49 of the respective tumblers |46 engage with the stepped portions 206 of the key bit. When each tumbler |46 engages with the key bit it will be stopped and will not rotate any further until the key bit begins to move. Preferably this movement of the key bit and outer body vmember 66 will begin at the end of about forty degrees. movement of the key. I term this forty degrees the pick-up' movement as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 19.

It is during this pick-up movement that all of the tumblers |46Y are properly positioned for operation of the lock, provided a key Vhaving a proper combination is being used. If a key of a wrong combination is being used it can be turned through this iirst forty degrees of pick-up movement and through the trial zone of operation but cannot be turned beyond the unlocking trial zone because the tumb1ers|46 will not be properly aligned to receive the lock control bar |09 and further operation of the lock will be pres vented.

At the time the key is inserted in the lock the outer body member including the portion H6 shown in Figs. 22 and 23, will be locked to the end plate |40 by the engagement of the portion |3| of 1ocking slide |30 in the recess |32 and by engagement of the edge .|34 with the cam surface |35,and by the abutting relation oi the end portion |38 of said locking slide |30 against the wall of end flange 86. As long as the outer body member 66 thus remains locked to the housing 40 it cannot be moved rotatively andthe key bit |88will be held in a fixed position While the tumblers |46 are moved into engagement When the key handle and inner body member 65 begin to move clockwise from the initial or starting position the recess |39 in the end flange r86 begins to move toward the locking slide |30,

ment through the pick-up portion of this cycle the recess |39 will be substantially in registra- Vtion with the conical end portion |38 of the locking slide |30 but the position of the locking slide |30 will not have changed.

However, when the key and, inner body memberv65 reach the end of the pick-up movement, Fig. 19, in a Vclockwise direction the shoulder 28 of the inner body member 65 will contact the shoulder I8, Fig. 8, of the outer body member .66.

Thereafter, uponfurther movement of the key and inner body member in a clockwise direction, the outer body member will be rotatively moved therewith and the locking slide |30 will be longitudinally moved to the right, as `respects the This releases the engagement of the locking slide |30 withthe end plate |40 and moves the cone shaped end portion "In the pick-up movement of an ordinary operating key, Fig. 19, the keybit |88 will remain stationary and the tumbl-ers |46 will be frictionally moved into engagement with said key bit and a set of deeper notches |52 will be lined up with vlock control bar |09 entirely across the set of tumblers.

Upon further clockwise movement of the operating key through the trial portion of its cycle the lock control bar |09 will be moved into the aligned notches |52.` thus allowing the movable lugs 96, 99 and |00 to clear the respective housing lugs 49, 50 and 48 so that clockwise movement of the key may be continued through the operating portion of the cycle.

During movement through the operating portion of the cycle the end piece 2|2 of bar extension |03 will pass over the inclined cam surface |43 and rotation will be stopped at the end of the operating cycle by engagement of the lugs 98, 99 and |00with housing lugs 54, 56 and 52.

At the time the key begins to move clockwise from the'starting position the interrupted gear member |1||12 of the throw mechanism will Y simultaneously begin to move clockwise from the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In the starting position the long teeth |69 of the gear segments |65 are resting on the circumferentialportion of the disc member |12 and the end of one shorter tooth of each gear segment |65 is pointed toward the center of interrupted'gear member |1| and positioned so that it will move along one of the smooth peripheral surfaces of said interrupted gear member |1|.

During clockwise movement of the key through the' pick-up and trial portion of its cycle the interrupted gear member |1||12 will move rotatively without turning the gear segments '|65 on their axes. At substantially the time the key reaches the end of the trial portion of its movement a short tooth |10 of each gear segment |65 will be engaged by a tooth |14 of the gear member |1I' and the gear segments |65 will begin to move rotatively, the long teeth |69 entering the recesses |11 and |16, See Figs. 4 and 3.

These gear segments 65, as illustrated, preferably will be rotated through an angle of substantially ninety degrees while the key and gear member |1|-|12 are moving clockwise through the sixty degree operating portion of the cycle. The recesses |11 and |16 receive the longer teeth |69 as the gear segments |65 rotate. At the end of about ninety degrees of rotary movement of the gear segments |65 the long tooth |69 of each gear segment |65 will again rest on a peripheral portion of the gear member |12 and will prevent further rotary movement of the gear segments 65 in the event the key is turned beyond the end of the operating portion of the cycle. Theonly key that can and will be turned beyond the end of the operating portion of the cycle is a control key used for the removal of the lock core'from the lock housing, as herein described.

lRotation of the gear segments |65 is transmitted directly to the gear segments |6| which, in the present instance, act through the gear member |60 to rotatively move the throw member |59 through the same angle as the gear segments I 65 and |6| but in the opposite direction.

From the "above described operation of the throw mechanism it will be apparent that said throw mechanism provides sufcient lost motion at the beginning of the cycle of operation of the key to prevent turning of the throw member |59 while the key and parts of the lock mechanism ferent combinations are possible.

are being moved 'through the pick-up and trial portions of their cycle.V Also it will beapparent that this throw mechanism will transmit substantially ninety degrees of rotary movement tothe throw member |59 while the key and lock parts are moving through substantially sixty degrees of the operating portion of the cycle. Also it will be apparent that this throw mechanism is capable of providing for substantially siXty'degrees of lost motion beyond the end ofthe operating portion of the cycle inthe event the lock core is to be removed from the housing. Obviously other desired gear ratios between the key operated throw member 61 and the throw member |59 and degrees of lazy motion both before and after the operating cycle can be obtained by'va'rying'the relative sizes of the .gear members |6| and '|60 and related parts. v

This throw mechanism is further adapted to provide corresponding inverse lost motionand rotary motion of the several parts of the throw mechanism as a key in the lock is rotatively moved in a counter-clockwise direction from the end of the operating or control position back to the starting position. Y

In many types of locks the throw mechanism herein disclosedis enlarged and changed in many Ways. For instance the hub of one of the gear segments |6| may be made the main throw A.member in the secondary lock mechanism in case -it is desirable that the throw member beoff center as'respects the lock housing. Such" a setup is disclosed in U.' S. Letters Patent No. 2,138,- 856, issued December 6, 1938. v l 'Y When this structure is used the thro'wpi'n is valigned on the axis of the lock kcore andany forcible rotating 0f core and housing could not unlock the Ysecondary lock. Y Y

' Any desired degree of Amaster keying and submaster lkeying may be provided in th'slock by the use of more than one of the deeper notches in any desired number of the tumblers. Whe'n master keying is so done it does not reduce or limit the number of possible combinations ofthe lock but leaves every possible combination usable. In the lock shown in Figs. 1 to 24 one billion dif- Core removable Each lock is constructed inY such a manner-that the primary lock mechanism or core can 'be unlocked from the housing by the use of a controlA key and thus withdrawn from said housing. This makes possible very quick and easy changes of the combinations and easy access for the purpose of replacing or repairing the primary lock mechanism or 'for the insertion of another type of core.

To'provide for removing the lockv core from the lock housing I provide in oneor more of the tumblers |46 of each lock one or v more ofnthe shallow notches |513, Fig.'Y 8.l 'Io properly position said shallow notch or notches V|53 forv removal of the lock'core I provide a control key having a Vkey bit Y|88 shaped so that it will position one or more of the tumblers |46 that have shallow notches |53 with their said shallow notch or notches in alignment with the lock control bar |09." One shallow notch |53 of one tum-bler, whenproperlyv'aligned with deeper notches |52 of the remainder ofthe tumblers of a lock is sufcient to provide for the operation of a control key in removing thelock Mamas the said shallow notol or notches |53 Wil-l limit the outward movement ofthe look eonti'olbar:

64, Fig. 24, which carries the plate 91 and lugs 98, 99 and |00. I

When the longi-tiidinal movement to the left, Figs. and 1'1, of tl'iefliigs 538-;4 99 arid Lilli is thijs limited, said rugs es". 9 9A and: iup-win .clear or` the stop lugs 48; 49 and 5"0= biit wii f strained by the lock oontrol baij [U9-from riioyi into the: path ofthe lugs' Sito' 56 inclusive. This 1eaves the lugs $8-, 9o and lfutiir'e'elyfiiieiable tiievpatriway betwe'enthe seediiu'gslls te se and the Sei;` f lilgS t0 56. Undef theseooi-iditlidl'is^ the key and look ooe Ii'ililloeifs-= 63,-` 64 65- alf free temere roiativeIy through` angle arene hundred eighty degreesirem die stariie posi;V tion. At thev end of this I'nOV'i-mt thl'g |"2'|5 o'ri' the end' of the tumbler-carrying' portieri 81 willi be stopped by engagement with: the fixed stop member |26, Figs. 1 and 6, ofV itetii' end plate? |40.

When rotation of the lok ooie'isf thsstebbedf by engagement-ofi parts |21 and F26 the look' 'ef will' be preferably in thjonly postir fif fe;- x'oval from the housing 49. lifiI thi'sos'itir the l-'gsl 691 to 113 inclusive and tlle ligs'` 99,V 99

mit will al1` be moved orieharidieaf eignty-'eegrees relative to ine housing Iugsirem the: pes-iii they are shown in'v Fig".v` 17|, WhileV tlie` lugsl H53; I`|4- and ||l5 will beVV relatively inoved oe` Iiuiiiire'd forty* degrees and. all ef saiiii lugs: wilr be liried 11pso that the look core? may bel drawn@ straight out of trie housing. l v

removal position described in"- the'` pret-:ediing: paragraph is the only position in the. look iztifev danI be removed. Foi" all other 'jgesi` tions there will be iiitefr'eii'ceof t'w orl there` of the several lugs. It will be noted that thset of lugs 69: to r3` inelu'sivelo'f! the 'faeefmembergsee Fig. 1i?, are securely engaged; behind thelu'gswi to 1:?1.' inclusive for all other: positions. ofi thex soeaid. that said lugs-'B9 to 13 are backedp' by the` of the cere. The. dise portieri. 68 Yi'siiiiis sape sorted'againstinwardmovement-both'bytheiugsr 48S, Wand 50' andby the-shoulder 42.2;

Thisniakesit eiitreriel'y diffl'euitt fgn aoc-:ess t-riroufgn the lock er tor forcetne sa'ie: by wrench; ing;` drifting. hemmen-hedor otherwise foraine' theface plate inwardly or by, in any' way,- exert-v ing anA outward-force on the' face pleite tot free the lock bore out of: the` housing.

Also the. turnbl'e'rsV mest: all be positioned bef'oe unlocking trial `can be ina-cle 'and` unloekiiig trial of all of the tumblerringsl must' be made simultaneously' during this trial phase'while the tumblersk of the look are" in' inacoessiblie. sealed;- o'if compartments of. the lock.. Thismakesfit-inr- `pssible: toV correctly' position; the t'umbl'ers'Y by any picking method.

Y Figures 26 to 35 l Figures26 to35 show another type oflock: core adapted tol interchangeablr `replaoe'f the oexof Figs. 1 YtoT 24. It employsY the same lool; housing il; the samezthrowA meansg. the-:same face member i3 and; the same bolt member 64 for -carryingithe spring 01f and lookV control bar i'09=,. a'sare'shovim` in Fi-gsl 1 to 25',` as hereinb'efmfeV described.;

".Iheflcxok` shown inv Figs. 26E-35' is oi jdiieient aceonmodatiorr than the: lock. shovsm'1 in` Figs. I to 25 iii` that itl is a lo'ckfoi simpler constmction and Hence itisk a less costly look'` to manufaeture Also itiiiasaai less number'lof. tnmblers.` therein'. isober-A ateby aA one: piede. keyandis-fless secure against` piekifng'.- .1

the 'interestl` of 'brevity many vof` the parts whielrarethfsanie in' Figsa26 to Sfas they` are Figs. tor25- ares not shown. in Figs.y 261 to 35i. AlsoV some' partsfiiizFig's-v.; 2d td 35;,A are identioal.` with pi'iitif'slfioxmnin.Figs;4` lto 25 are simi-i lari# rimnbeeeda Thekeyused im thev lool:` of Figs.. 262 to 35Y does@ not require lfdetaohablebitand trie look strooi ture: isi varidzl to" suit this` diiei'ent. type.I of ,leem

look; core 4iieolianism show-nt in Figs.- 26:k to- 35 comprises thi-leef look` core? pieces.. Fiii designated generally ufierals 230,. 235i arxdf 232. These three core` pieces cooperate with the:` face plate aridLcore" pieces'desigr'izitedsgeneralllyby` numerals: 6.3 anda 64 im Fien` 24 in providing the eoie of: the lookiof Figs.y2,6 to 341 'I'ii=i':=oo1reY piece', designated" Vgenerally 2:39am. Fig". 34;. comprisesja core.` member 23%' of eral'ly eylind-rioalfshope having a: keywia 19 tending therethrough.

Asha-11h23# oni the'` outerl enecr ot. the: member core member 65V in Fig.. 24.v The shank Zakfitsi' into and;` cooperates' with the: tubular sleeve: 14 of the faee biate: member' 93g, Figi. 24,1inl the same: manner as the previously described shank1.5i.L A

`.stelpeiil portion: 2&5;A Corresponding tof stepped?,

povntiori` 85: of parte 65ii Fim .243.. is4 provided theeY edzr of the' member' 233 around 'ther shank 234. `The''stemaedV portion Zei-Iisaclaptei-V for.- operatiiljri witlif the enel` plate 91=of` part 6.4i, se@ lig..y 24. A. shank' i153.` corresponding to shank. 89 of rt 65',-,.1B"i.l 24;, is provided; on= the' inner end ofthe core. member 23%;A y

animate reeessZ'SGf is@ provided in` the' side ofthe shank 234: andV asrii'l'`v 231`pr0trdes out.er ward'ly from the: etidvo. the core; member 233 show'rif i`n Figs. 30h31 and 341i Theaun'otion of the` ar'euatel' reeessr 236? is toofaoilitate the in@ sertion of -the pin 231. 1 V

Thef core member 233:'. llas; longitudinally extendingA groove Hain the lower portion there` of. Fisi 28; 29e-3d,311.air'1c1f343y for; the ieoeptionP of? the Vbar e'st'ensioi- |:03 `andi lock' oontrol'bair liotthelbcle coreA part kfshown; ii'rr Fig-'.1 24".. Inclined ribs 239, Fig. 28, similar to theA inclined ribs". II2 oi` Fiese 158i and: 20,v are-1 `provide-:d on1 the ii'i'emb'er 233\ within the' groove 23.8.T for coopera* tieni with the iirolined ribsi` Hlf on the look con trol' bar |99: The: bar extension'|93jandloo1c oor-itroi bai |09 operate the isamefmanner therlookshown in Figs. 26 tot -334 asith'ey do in the loolishown. in= Figs. L to `24.

The inir endl `portion of thel memberY 233? is iiatterfed.. as: shown at. 24d` ini Figs.. 2?..28fand1-34@ to provide: operatingiolearan'ce for a pluralityA of tumblers 24| that are assembled between spaoers 242.- 'Ehef assembled tumblers' 2ll|-l and: spaoers 242i 'a-'e-supported` atvohe: endaby a" shoulder` 243 of memberv 245. arid ait" the other." end' bye: resilient snapAv ring. '2443; Figs: ."6 21" aridiy 'areY frlotionallir. engaged with' eachiotherim the'sane mai-mer` as the wmblers. I 46.- and; spaoers'- M1 of liigs..` 13;"7 and SL13' i. l I i i 'f .'Ihexliclc` riorey .pieoee. .'designated @generally 'by the numeral.: 2372' in E.ig\.4;.combrises ai ring, nien'iberfA Mii` lhaving ai pluiiality ot?. lug; members 241i, 241;. Zd 'atfdff 249i provided on thesperipheral p'oitioni thereof.; .lugiirMGrenters between the housing lugs 51 and 58 ands'tirenarrowlu Each spacer i242 has an JA. fragmentofa throw member vides strong and ruggedsupporting means for suppontingthe ring member 245 againstrotation in the event an attempt is made to iorce the lock.

-fIhe ring member 245 hasan integral tongue 259 which extends inwardly therefrom and is provided with a slot 25|.y `'Ihe tongue 250 is a continuation of the lug246 and is positioned between the housing lugs 51 and 58, as shown in Fig. 28, when the lock core mechanism is in the housing. The lock piece 232 is thus non-rotatively connected with the 'housing .40 but can be inserted into said housingand withdrawn endwise. therefrom.l An outwardly projectingl stop lug- 252-is provided on the outerend portion of the-ring member. 245, Figs. 30,31 and 34, and a V-shaped notch 253 is'valso provided in the outer end portion of said ring member 245.

The core piece, design-ated generally by A23| in Fig. 34, comprises a curved plate portion 254 adapted to rest on the peripheral portion. of the core .member 233 and abut against the stop lug 252, as shown in Figs. 30 and 31, when the parts arein the starting position. l

The platefportion 254, Figs. 31 and 34, has an inwardly directed iiange 255 that is provided on itsf-finner side with a curved notch 256 for the reception of a curved lug 251 on the end of the corermember 2133, see Figs. 26, 31 and 34.

The ange 255 is adapted to t within a notch 258in a key 259, Figs. 26 and 35, or within the notch |84'in the blade |80, Fig. 24, if saidfblade |80is used in this lock, as soon. as the keyis movedclockwise from the starting position. It will be noted.' that the line of section 26--26 is offset to the right in Fig. 31 at thelocation where.

it ipas'ses through the flange 2554 and lug'251.

The outer side of the curved plate member 254 is'provided with a groove 260 that extends transversely ofthe plate 254and longitudinally of the lock and has grooved edge walls 26|. The groove 260fis adapted to receivek a locking slide 262 that has .V-shaped edges 263 which interfit the grooved edge Walls 26|. i Y

-Thelo'cking slideA 262', see' Fig. 32, has. one V- shaped :end-portion 264adapted to fit Within the notch253 in theend of the ring member 245 and anotherv V-shaped end portion. 265 adapted to fit -within the notch 39 in the sleeve 14. 'Each tumbler 24| has a thickened portion 266. One or more notches, Fig; 28,.such as the deeper notch 261 and shallower notch 268 are provided inv-the thickenedfportion of each tumbler ring. Each tumbler 24| also has a pluralityoff stepped shoulders 269 for cooperation with a key. Each tumbler 24| further has anl internal shoulder 210 forengagement with a shoulder 21| on the c'o're member'233. Each tumbler further has an external stop lug 212 for engagement with the housing flug. 59.`- 1 i outwardly projecting lug 213 that is positioned withinthe slot 25|y of tongue 250 and holds the spacer non-rotatable. "The-key259 has an integral bit :member 214 cutforrcooperation with Va lock having. six tumblers. Otherwisethis key is simi-lar to the key shown in Fig. 25, and when the first six notches of the bit member of the keyshown in Fig.f25 are cut tothe proper combination the key shown in Fig. 25 may be used in the lock shown in Figs'. 26 .to 34 and willoperatethislock in the ordinary lmanner Without having the key bit detached therefrom. l Y 216` isl shown in .'26, This throw'member 216 is similarto end ofthe tubularl the throw member 82, 83', 84 shown in Figs. 1, 3,:

4, 5'and 24 except that the pin9| that is used for unlocking the bit. |88 from the bladev |80 is omitted.V

Operation The cycle of operationgof the lock shown in Figs. 26 to 34 for lock operation and ccrevremoval purposes is the same as the cycle ofopera-l tion of the lock'shown in Figs. 1 to 24 and is illustrated in Fig. 19. 4

When the key is inserted andj turned clock- Wise through the pickfup portion of thecycle, Fig. 19, the tumblers 24|' do not begin tomove until they are engaged by the key..V VByjthe time the key reaches Ythe end of the pick-'up portion of the cycle it will have picked'up all of the tumblers 24| as the key bit engaged the shoulder 269, and, ifsit is a properly combinated key, it 4will have aligned the notches in al1 ofj the tumblers 24| so that the lock control bar" |69 can enter said notches. Y

As the key moves further in a clockwise direction through the trial portion of its cycle the bar extension |03 will be carried beyond the inclined cam surfaces |42, Fig.- 18. This will make it possible for the spring |01, Fig. 18, to move the lock core member 64, Fig. 24, and the bar extension |03 endwise, provided that notches 261 and 268 inthe tumblers 24| have been properly aligned so that the lock control bar |09 can enter said notches. If the notches in the tumblers 24| have not been properly aligned then the bolt member 64, Fig. 24, can not-be moved inwardly by the spring |61 before theend of the trialportion of the cycle and the lugs 98, 99 Vand-|00 will remain in the annular path of the lugs 48, 49 and 50 and rotary movement of the key and lock parts will be stopped at the end of the trial portion of the cycle.

The flange 255 of the core piece 23| hasV the function of engaging within the notch |84 of the blade |80, Figs. 1 and 25, or the corresponding notch 258 in the key 259, Figs. 26 and 35, depending on which key is used, so as to prevent removal of the key from the lock except when the key is in the starting position. When the key and lock parts are in the ystarting position the core part 254, 255, Figs. 26, 32 and 34, is' locked tothe 'xed ring member 245 by engagement of the endv portion 264 of locking slide 262 in the notch 253 of ring" member 245. At this time Vthe other end portion 265 of the locking slide 262 Vabuts against the i'lat end portion of the tubular sleeve 14.

As thekey is moved clockwise away from the starting position the face member including sleeve 14 moves 'therewith and, by the ,timeV the end of the trial position is reached, thenotch 39 in sleeve 14 will have moved into substantial registration with the locking4 slide 262. At about this same time the pin 231 on the core member .233 will engage with the flange 255 of the piece 23|, Figs. 34 and 31, and, upon further clockwise movement of core piece 230, the locking slide 262 will be moved to the right, Fig. 32, intoengaged relationwith notch 39 and disengaged relation with notch 253. Thereafter during rotary movement of thekey and lock parts in the operating and control portions of the cycle the member 23|, Fig. 34, willmove with thekey. As the key is movedcounter-clockwise back to the starting position `the Vend portion of the plate portion 254 will contact the stop lug 252, Figs. 30, 31 and 34, at substantially the time the locking slide 262 is opposite `the notch 253'an'd the locking 'slide 262 armee;

has nine tumblers |46 with one mill-lionico1-hlinea*-u The core piece 23| thus makes*itf'irnpossibletolongitudinallydisplaceror tof-removethelkey exceptf-r'omthestartingefposition; Thislf-acilitatestWO diStinCt'f-tyres @filo-cle ccresfnavi ge certi-ufr fatureslin eommcng Buti/stili offstructurailydifferent@ fornr and action; tlatfare-lbotlf adapted? removal of theelock# coreY fromf the@l h'ousil'sigt by@ 10i forI interchangeable-rusefixr the sarri'elv4 system andl exerting-1A an. l outwardlpull- 'onbi a control-key afterl` the controlkeyihas `reacl'ed theendfofthe control portionI of its fcyclef- The operation off'theoperating-andfoontrol keys* that will respond to the same keys.

Ohee is unpickall and" has: one billfi-rif'key changes# but'-is more 'ekfpens'lvetofmake than the* other whichl theoretically? atleast; is susceptible in the-lock` shown inffigsr 2610134 inclusive-is 152 offl'pick'ihg' andonlyhasionemilliorilkeyclianges.-

properly bittedoperating key'is4 -used'fin yth'elook positionethe lugs 98;` S19-'fand' |00 incthepatlro the Afend fof ythe opening eportiono of? the-kc'ycleis reached" thus stopping theLmovement ofallparts at the end of the operating cycle.

I-f12a properly bitted4 control keyi isused will alignl a roWHof` notchesjacrossfawset offtumblersflow notch 42685 Thelpresence orar-shallow notch- 268-orfof `several of'vsaidi'shallow notches 26S-fin av line of" notches -`across' a set "oftumblers will stop` the lock control Ibar' |09 in anf-int'erme-f diateipositio'n and this willposit'ion theilugsBS,` 99fand|0|l lfor operation#inaneannular 'pathfbee tween the setof lugs 14E-tof 50i* Figi 17j ancl-l "the set of lugs 5| to 56.V When the lugs,198,?4 99`and" I Mt are -thus positioned'f they'lwill operate through tothe' end ore-the control portion -oftheflfcycle or' throughout Vsubstantially one*hundredfeightytdef grecs'.4 When the: parts have reachedlift-hee-lend ofthe Y control cycle-they are prefera'blylstopped'l byengagement-o a stop lugrnotJ show-n, onfcore* piece 23H,` which* cor-respondsE to`--thestop-lugf- |21; Figs.l 1 and-6,` Withitherstopfmember |26f'orr end plate Milf InfthiS-position -a'llparts ofthe'- lockcore mechanism are-clearof the -lo'ck-hous ing lugs so that thescoremechanismcanfbeWith#- drawn` fromfthe housing.

Thelock shown in Figs;26"to' 34=us'esthe sameA- throwemeehanismas the lock* :showrrinr Figs 1 'to` 24:h and said; throw mechanism'- functions A-inl thex samemann'er and willstop rotationl o1A the locke" parts -at the end off'the controlicycle-iffno' other' stopmeans is usedf3 The lock shown in Figs. 26 to 34 also us'es'the-L same-face member1 6Biandthe"sameeboltmember @AtiligrZl and tsfwithin the samehousing4 4|?k asthe lo'ck` shown inFigs: 1 to 241.

Any 4number of the'lesscostlylocks'ofthe form showninligs; v26 to 34 may *beusedtin a' locking system` Where Vsome of the highei'gradeflocks" of the--type-shown in'Fgs. 1 to 24ers" used andthe entire `system can beset up 'fortheuse of icon'- trol keys;A and any ldesired numberlof* mastersube master andfoperatingrkeysi A1s"o"all`=of theilocks will have the same externalfappearancel so. that an observer willinotknow one'` type' of ylock lfrom the otherw The number of tumblers in. botlrcores may be" Varied; Il Ahavefshownf=siretumlzuers"*2 4|a Vhr'the T costs, by having,rv a variety of cores'tofu'seiseleclr tively:

To giveth'e yery"'gratest securityfwhere* ucf security is demanded, it is contemplated leavej additionalrmetal on'V the exposed;` parts :off cores and`4 housings andiinanufoturethe lsuperior type or types of cores`and="`hbusing`s *therefor* out-'ofi superior 'f materia-ls i' such as f hardl'ened* stainless steel."

Thus can be masterkeyedf"tegetlferlocks of varying' securityran-crIk costftb"providerafxost 4desirab1e"system= oflcks Vtheircores' olf-"which"l `can" berea-dily inte:changeant:liras-*varyingu degrees f security1 are required'inf' any locks of fth'eksys'temv Il contemplate-making; other'ltyp'es'p iceres Salsothatl 'will4 be' adaptable-for interchangeable use v'inf thi'ssyst'm of l'ocksas Welli-as'rvariati'n iritl* key design.

In" instances `Wheregreat security is`"n:it`I ree" quired7 "or-rd'e'siredN such asini 'tolet*locks? Folin`` templateusing ai number of'frplain dummy*rings" without' anyffcenterwardl'y' extending? Lprtfonor'" portions in place of regulartumbl'ersso'asto-be passed by greater"numbers*ofukeys.` n

Ramications 'of lcornlririatiori numbers",`V` ordi*- narly used inmas`ter"keylng;where 'two'orthree out' of, avv totalof 'sayjtenrincrenrents"are'usdin each' tumbler thereof,r ordinarilyaffdrdsfample security "f or hidingaway theteorrrhiiiaft'ibrrnurriberIl of the masterkeyjbutwiiere"asinglecoritrokkey isl used; for `core'rernoval4 andinterc`han ge;for the. entire system.V in systems utilizing the-'locke controlled-' assemblyf'eature'; WithM` a'sirigler'contro-rnumberfin-Veach trimmer-theme easily* di? tinguishedas such, .'as inpirr'tunibli" locks" with', a Yseparate contrors'hearliriath urmaritlrgmf' a `single"locklWou!cfirevealftlieccntrclbrancherA` of* theentiresyste'rrr'.-

This is not altogether satisfactory, for with the increased use of dummy numbers, the security of the lock is correspondingly impaired.

The novel means used and method advocated in this invention, remedies this undesirable feature and gives complete relief from this element of insecurity.

The uniquestructure of the locks of this system makes it possible to combine the operating and control combinations in any tumblers to thus very effectively hideaway the control combination and still only use one control number in each tumbler and even dispense with the use of control combination in some of the tumblers entirely.

This is efected by having deepnotches for lock-operating purposes and shallow notches for control purpose.

Thus only one shallowV notch in any one of the tumblers lined up with either kind of vnotches in all other tumblers is all that is required for control operation.

Thus to absolutely hide away the control number of the system, it only becomes necessary to observe the following: l

Assume that the control combination number of a system of' locks having nine tumblers each, such as is shown, is: 462,873,517.

In the rst and every recurring ninth lock of the system use only a Number 4 shallow notch in the rst tumbler. v n

In the lsecond and every recurring ninth lock of the system thereafter use only a Number 6 shallow notch in the second tumbler and so on to the ninth lock ci. the system, and every ninth recurring one thereafter, which employs a Number 7 shallow notch. The rest of the control number uses submaster, private or 'additional deep notches.

Now to hide this combination pattern away so as not to disclose it, it is only necessary to put one dummy combinationl number in each of the other tumblers interspersing them equally among the other digits, so that all digits are used and reoccur with approximately the same lfre-l quency in the various locks of the system.

Thus each loclry would only have 9 shallow notches, one for each tumbler, eight of which are dummies that ramify through the whole range of unused numbers thus giving no indication whatsoever of which one and in which tumbler is the right one and which ones are the dummies.

Thus in a system of few or many locks, the same baiiling mazeof substantially .equal frequency of use of each digit presents itself to the intruder that leaves him with no means of finding .the control number ofthe system.

This novel means and method of hiding away the control combination is of very great value in preserving the greatest possible degree of security.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In alock, Aa housing and a key-removable core insaid housing'means in said-lock limiting the rotary movement of said core, for lock unlocking purposes, to a prescribed angle and per-V I '2. In a`, lock, a housing,`core means movable.

through a predetermined angle in said housing for lock unlocking purposes and through a further angle, in the same direction, for removing the core fromthe housing,r and cooperating lugs on said core and in said housing adapted to limit the rotary movement of the core for said lock unv locking purposes.

3. In a lock having a lock controlled assembly feature, said4 lock consisting of a housing, a core having a face member, said core being Areleasably retained insaid housing, a core receptacle in said housing of cylindrical form having annular rows of inwardly extending lugs, said lugs being adapted to cooperate with lugs on theface member of said coreto releasably retain said core in said housing.v 'Y

4. Y'In a lockhaving a lock controlled assembly feature, said lock consisting of a core having a bolt member, said core being releasably retained in a housing, a core receptacle in said housing of cylindrical form having annular rows of inwardly extending lugs, said lugs being adapted to cooperate with lugs on a bolt member of said core to control the rotative movement of said core in said housing.

5. In a lock-having a lock controlled assembly feature, said lockconsisting of a core having a face member and a bolt element, said core being releasablyretained in a housing, a core receptacle in-said housing of cylindrical form having annular rows of inwardly extending lugs, said lugs being adapted to cooperate with lugs on the face member of said core and 'also with lugs on the bolt element of saidcore to control the assembly and disassemblyi'of said cores into and from the said core receptacle, respectively.

6. In a lock having a lock controlled assembly feature, said lock consisting of a core releasably retained in Va housing, the combination of elements comprising a core receptacle in said housing of cylindrical form having annular rows of inwardly extendinglugs, and a lock throw transmission unit in said housing providing lazy motion at the beginning and ending of the cores fullestiunlocking movement to provide pick-up, unlocking-trial, lock-operating and core-removal zones ofunlocking movement.

7. In a lock having a lock controlled assembly feature, said lock consisting of a core Vreleasably retained in a housing, a core receptacle in said housing of cylindrical form having annular rows of .inwardly extending lugs, said lugs being adapted to cooperate with lugs near the face "end of said core to releasably retain saidcore in said housing. I Y f 8; In alockhaving a lock controlled assembly feature, rotativelymovablelock core means including a face member, a lock housing adapted to vreceive saidlock core means, lugs on'said face member, and lugs in said housing cooperating with the lugs on said face member locking said core .means in said housing.

9. In a lock havinga'lock controlled assembly feature,-core means comprising-a face member, a housing adapted to receive and permit rotative movement 'of said core means in said housing, an annular rowof face lugs on said face member, and two annular rows ofy housinglugs in said housing positioned to receive vtherebetween the said'facev lugs and to permit the rotative movement' of said facelugs and to firmly support 'said face lugs ragainst longitudinal movement of the said' core means in either direction in said fhouslng. j n

. 10.."I na -locl` havingfa .lock controlled assembly fing when adjacent said face member and rotatable in the housing when moved away from the face member, and strong and rugged torque resisting means connecting said longitudinally movable member and said face member when the movable member is in a position adjacent the face plate member.

11. In a system of locks, in lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core adapted to respond to a one piece key, another core adapted to separate a two piece key in the operation thereof, each said core being adapted to be selectively assembled into said housing and form therewith a lock of the system.

12. In a system of locks, in lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core adapted to respond to a one piece key, another core adapted to separate a two piece key in the operation thereof, each said core being adapted to be releasably retained in said housing by key means to form therewith a lock of the system.

13. In a system of locks, in lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core adapted to respond to a one piece key, another core adapted to separate a two piece key in the operation thereof, outwardly-extending lugs arranged around each of said cores, inwardly-extending lugs in said housing, and key means adapted to selectively cooperate with said lugs of the said housing and respective core to releasably retain either of said cores in said housing in the formation of a lock of the system.

14. In a locking system having lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core of one structural type, a core of another structural type, tumblers and a key having a bit, the said cores of one and another type being adapted to selectively and interchangeably complement said housing in the formation of a lock of the system, the said core of one type having tumbler-moving means adapted to move the said tumblers into operative engagement with the said bit, said bit being held stationary in said lock andthe said core of another type having bit moving means adapted to move the said bit into operative engagement with said tumblers, said tumblers being held stationary in said lock.

15. In a locking system having lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core of one structural type, a core of another structural type, tumblers, a key comprising a handle and a detachable bit, and another key having a handle and a bit integral therewith, the said core of said one type having a two-part keyway adapted to separate the said detachable bit from its handle in the operation of the lock and the said core of another type 26 having a keyway adapted to utilize the said key having the bit integral with ,the handle in the operation of the lock.

16. In a system of locks having lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising a housing, a core receptacle in said housing, housing lugs in said receptacle, a core of one structural type, a core of another structural type, core lugs on said cores, said cores being adapted to selectively and interchangeably t and function in said housing, said housing lugs being adapted to interlock with the core lugs of either said core to unite the respective core with the said housing in the formation of a lock of the system.

17. In a system of locks having lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising housings of various types having core receptacles, housing lugs in said core receptacles, cores of structurally different types having core lugs thereon, said core lugs and said housing lugs being adapted to interlock to releasably retain any said core in any said housing to jointly form a lock of the said system.

18. In a system of locks, in lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising various housings, each housing having a core receptacle with a face end, cores of structurally different types, each core having a face end, inwardly-extending lugs arranged in a circular pattern within said core receptacle of each housing near the face end thereof, outwardly-extending lugs arranged in a circular pattern around about each said core near its face end, said inwardly and outwardly extending lugs of any said housing and any said core respectively, being adapted to releasably retain the respective core in the respective housing to thus form a lock of the system.

19. In a system of locks, in lock-controlled assembly, the combination of elements comprising various housings, each having a core receptacle with a face end, cores of structurally different types each having a face end, inwardlyextending lugs arranged in a circular pattern within the core receptacles of the housings near the face ends thereof, outwardly-extending lugs arranged in a circular pattern around about each said core near its face end, and key means adapted to cooperate with vsaid inwardly and outwardly extending lugs to releasably retain any core in any housing in the formation of a lock of the system.

FRANK ELLISON BEST.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,905,639 Jacobi Apr. 25, 1933 1,947,443 Bargman Feb. 20, 1934 1,964,787 Voight July 3, 1934 

